Lesson 18. This and That

In this lesson you'll learn how to use the demonstrative pronouns in English. These are words such as this and that. You'll also learn how to use infinitives and gerunds.

In the vocabulary section you'll learn some common English words for clothing items.

The lesson starts off with a short story about three friends who are on vacation in Melbourne, Australia.

Short Story

Vacation in Melbourne

Melbourne, Australia

Vacation in Melbourne
Chapter 1: Arrival in Melbourne
After a year of planning and excitement, Julia, Mark, and Alyssa finally boarded their flight from London to Melbourne. As the plane touched down, the thrill of adventure surged through them. They collected their luggage and headed to their Airbnb in the vibrant neighborhood of Fitzroy.
Julia: "I can't believe we're finally here! Melbourne looks even more amazing than the pictures."
Mark: "Agreed. Let's get settled in and then grab a bite to eat. I'm starving after that long flight."
Chapter 2: Exploring the City
The friends spent their first week exploring the heart of Melbourne. They wandered through the bustling streets, marveled at the street art, and indulged in the city's renowned coffee culture.
Alyssa: "This flat white is to die for. I could get used to this!"
Julia: "I know, right? And the laneways are incredible. Every corner has something new to discover."
One afternoon, they took a stroll along the Yarra River, enjoying the picturesque views and lively atmosphere.
Mark: "I read about this river cruise that takes you past some of the city's landmarks. Should we check it out?"
Julia: "Absolutely! It's the perfect way to see more of Melbourne."
Chapter 3: Day Trips and Adventures
In their second week, the trio decided to venture beyond the city. They rented a car and embarked on a road trip along the Great Ocean Road. The scenic drive left them in awe, with stunning coastal vistas and the iconic Twelve Apostles.
Alyssa: "I can't believe how beautiful this place is. It's like something out of a postcard."
Mark: "I'm glad we decided to do this. It's a once-in-a-lifetime experience."
They also visited the Yarra Valley, where they toured vineyards and enjoyed wine tastings.
Julia: "These wines are amazing. I feel so sophisticated right now."
Alyssa: "Cheers to us and this incredible trip!"
Chapter 4: Immersing in Local Culture
In their third week, the friends delved into Melbourne's rich cultural scene. They visited the National Gallery of Victoria, attended a performance at the Melbourne Theatre Company, and explored the vibrant Queen Victoria Market.
Mark: "The art here is phenomenal. I could spend hours just wandering through these galleries."
Julia: "And the theatre was fantastic. We should definitely catch another show before we leave."
One evening, they dined at a renowned local restaurant, savoring the diverse flavors of Melbourne's culinary scene.
Alyssa: "This food is incredible. Melbourne really knows how to do cuisine."
Chapter 5: Wrapping Up the Adventure
As their month in Melbourne drew to a close, the friends reflected on their unforgettable journey. They spent their final days revisiting their favorite spots and discovering new ones.
Julia: "I can't believe it's almost time to go home. This trip has been everything I hoped for and more."
Mark: "Same here. We've made so many amazing memories."
Alyssa: "We'll have to come back someday. There's still so much to see and do."
With heavy hearts but full of gratitude, the trio bid farewell to Melbourne, already dreaming of their next adventure.
And thus, they embarked on their journey back to London, carrying with them stories and memories that would last a lifetime.

अंग्रेजी शब्दावली

Clothes

jacket

t-shirt

dress shirt

blouse

polo shirt, golf shirt

sweatshirt

sweater

jeans

skirt

running shoe

socks

gloves

व्याकरण

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

Demonstrative Adjectives are used to talk about specific things and people. There are two demonstrative adjectives in English, this and that. When comparing objects, this is used to describe the object or event nearer in distance or time, and that is used for the object or event further away in distance or time. A demonstrative pronoun comes before the noun it describes.

Demonstrative pronouns are the same as the demonstrative adjectives, except they take the place of a noun in a sentence.

The following table shows the demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.

	Singular	Plural
near	this	these
far	that	those

Examples

That idea is great!	Demonstrative adjective
That is a great idea!	Demonstrative pronoun
This book is better than that book.	Demonstrative adjectives
This is better than that.	Demonstrative pronouns
Those apples taste good.	demonstrative adjective
These apples are better than those.	Demonstrative adjective and demonstrative pronoun

Infinitives

An infinitive is a form of a verb used in several situations in English.

as a complement of another verb. Examples: I want to hear. I can go.
as a noun phrase that expresses an action in an abstract way. Example: To err is human.
as a modifier of a noun or adjective. Examples: I don't know what to do. This is the way to do it.

The word to often comes before the verb in the infinitive form. When an infinitve follows certain verbs, such as can, will, shall, may, and do, the infinitive only consists of the base of the verb.

Examples

I want to go.
I will go.
I need to find my jacket.
Don't tell me what to think.
They should do it.
Can you speak English?

Gerunds

A gerund is a noun that is made from a verb by adding ing to the end of the infinitive form of the verb. If the infinitive of the verb ends in a single e, the e is usually dropped.

Verb	Noun
read	reading
talk	talking
go	going
race	racing
be	being
see	seeing
take	taking

Examples

Reading is one way to become smarter.
Talking about it will help.
I think swimming is great exercise.
She says giving is better than receiving.
They helped by bringing drinks for everyone.
Speaking another language is very rewarding.