Lesson 14. Conditional Statements
In this lesson you'll learn how to use conditional sentences in English. You'll also learn how to use verb phrases to be supposed to and used to.
In the vocabulary section, you'll learn the English words for objects that are found in nature.
At the end of this lesson is chapter 3 of the story "Ana and Alejandro's Adventures in Vancouver". In this chapter, Ana and Alejandro start their first day of English school.
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Grammatik
Conditional Sentences
A conditional sentence describes a situation and its possible result. In English, conditional sentences often use modal verbs (such as will, shall, can, and may) together with the conjunction if. Conditional sentences can be formed using the simple present, simple past, or past perfect, depending on the type of condition being expressed.
Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, habits, or things that always happen when certain conditions are met. For example, If it rains, I wear a jacket. This can also be written as I wear a jacket if it rains. Notice that each of the two verbs is in the present tense.
The conjunction when can also be used in the zero conditional. For example, When it rains, the grass gets wet.
Examples
| If I open the door, the cat runs outside. | Wenn ich die Tür öffne, läuft die Katze hinaus. |
First Conditional
The first conditional is used to describe a situation that is possible or likely to happen in the future if a certain condition is met. Examples of where to use the first conditional include: to show a future possibility, to give a warning or make a promise, or to state a specific plan if a condition is met. The modal verbs will and may are used in the first condtional. Use will to indicate certainty and may to indicate possibility. Here are some examples of sentences in the first conditional. Like the zero condtional, sentences in the first condtional use the present tense.
Examples
| If I open the door, the cat will run outside. | Wenn ich die Tür öffne, wird die Katze nach draußen laufen. |
| The cat will run outside if I open the door. | Die Katze wird nach draußen laufen, wenn ich die Tür öffne. |
| If I open the door, the cat may run outside. | Wenn ich die Tür öffne, könnte die Katze nach draußen laufen. |
| If I open the door, the cat can run outside. | Wenn ich die Tür öffne, kann die Katze nach draußen laufen. |
| The cat will run outside if I open the door and say his name. | Die Katze wird nach draußen laufen, wenn ich die Tür öffne und seinen Namen sage. |
| The phone will break if I drop it or throw it. | Das Telefon geht kaputt, wenn ich es fallen lasse oder es werfe. |
Second Conditional
The second conditional is used to refer to an imaginary or unreal event and its probable result. For the second conditional, would, which is the past tense of will, is usually used. For example, If I had a map, I would find the way. Could can also be used in the second conditional when referring to ability. For example, If I had a map, I could find the way.
Examples
| I would agree with you if you were right. | Ich würde dir zustimmen, wenn du Recht hättest. |
| The cat would go outside if I opened the door. | Die Katze ging nach draußen, wenn ich die Tür öffnete. |
| I would read the book if I had more time. | Ich würde das Buch lesen, wenn ich mehr Zeit hätte. |
| I would read the book if it was interesting and I had more time. | Ich würde das Buch lesen, wenn es interessant wäre und ich mehr Zeit hätte. |
| I would read the book if it was interesting or I had more time. | Ich würde das Buch lesen, wenn es interessant wäre oder ich mehr Zeit hätte. |
| Snow would be great if it wasn't cold. | Schnee wäre toll, wenn es nicht so kalt wäre. |
Third Conditional
The third conditional is used to describe the imagined result of an alternative action in the past. It is often used to express regret. The conditional perfect is formed using would have with the past participle of the verb. For example, I would have passed the exam if I had studied harder.
Examples
| We would have gone if we had enough money. | Wir wären hingegangen, wenn wir genug Geld gehabt hätten. |
| The cat would have gone outside if I had opened the door. | Die Katze wäre nach draußen gegangen, wenn ich die Tür geöffnet hätte. |
| I would have walked to the store if it wasn't raining. | Wenn es nicht geregnet hätte, wäre ich zu Fuß zum Laden gegangen. |
| Would they have done the dishes if I had asked them? | Hätten sie den Abwasch gemacht, wenn ich sie darum gebeten hätte? |
| I would not have offered if I didn't mean it. | Ich hätte es nicht angeboten, wenn ich es nicht ernst meinen würde. |
| The snow would not have melted if it was a bit colder. | Der Schnee wäre nicht geschmolzen, wenn es ein bisschen kälter gewesen wäre. |
To Be Supposed To
The verb phrase to be supposed to expresses expectation, obligation, or what is believed to be true.
Examples
| Mary is supposed to study for her exam. | Mary soll für ihre Prüfung lernen. |
| We are supposed to paint the house today. | Wir sollen heute das Haus streichen. |
| You are not supposed to tell anyone. | Sie dürfen es niemandem erzählen. |
| Am I supposed to do it? | Soll ich es tun? |
| You were supposed to do it. | Du solltest es tun. |
| The teacher was supposed to explain it to us. | Der Lehrer sollte es uns erklären. |
Used To
Used to has several different meanings. This section covers each of its uses.
1) To be used to means to be accustomed to, or to be familiar with. For example:
| I am used to the warm weather. | Ich bin an das warme Wetter gewöhnt. |
| I’m used to leaving work late. | Ich bin es gewohnt, spät von der Arbeit zu kommen. |
| He is used to the noise of the traffic. | Er ist an den Lärm des Verkehrs gewöhnt. |
2) When used to follows a noun or pronoun it means an action was repeated in the past, but does not currently happen. For example:
| I used to drive to work, but now I walk to work. | Früher bin ich mit dem Auto zur Arbeit gefahren, aber jetzt gehe ich zu Fuß zur Arbeit. |
| I used to put two teaspoons of sugar in my coffee, but now I don’t put any sugar in. | Früher habe ich zwei Teelöffel Zucker in meinen Kaffee getan, aber jetzt tue ich gar keinen Zucker mehr hinein. |
| They used to visit almost every weekend, but now that they’ve moved away, we rarely ever see them. | Früher kamen sie fast jedes Wochenende zu Besuch, aber jetzt, wo sie weggezogen sind, sehen wir sie nur noch selten. |
3) Used to can also be the past tense of the verb phrase use to. For example:
| What did you use to fix it? I used a hammer to fix it. | Womit haben Sie es repariert? Ich habe einen Hammer benutzt, um es zu reparieren. |
| What do they use the apples for? They use them to make apple pie. | Wozu werden die Äpfel verwendet? Sie backen damit Apfelkuchen. |
| We used it to store our extra clothes. | Wir nutzten ihn, um unsere zusätzliche Kleidung aufzubewahren. |
Natural Objects
moon
sun
stars
Earth
mountain
cliff
hill
lake
river
forest
desert
rock
ocean
waterfall
lightning
cloud
Flashcards
Hier sind einige Lernkarten, die Ihnen helfen, die Vokabeln dieser Lektion zu lernen.
Englisch lesen
Chapter 3: First Day of School
On Monday morning, Ana and Alejandro wake up early. It is their first day at English school in Vancouver. They are excited but also a little nervous.
“Do you have your notebook?” Ana asks.
“Yes,” Alejandro says. “Do you have your student card?”
Ana checks her bag. “Yes, I have it.”
They take the bus to the school. When they arrive, many students are standing outside. They hear people speaking Spanish, Korean, Japanese, Portuguese, and many other languages.
“It’s so international,” Ana says.
Inside the school, a friendly woman at the front desk smiles at them. “Good morning. Are you new students?”
“Yes, we are,” Ana says.
“Great. Please go to Room 204 for your placement test.”
They walk down the hallway and enter the room. A teacher gives them a short test to check their English level. After the test, the teacher says, “You will both be in the A2 class. Your classroom is Room 110.”
They go to Room 110 and meet their classmates. There are students from Brazil, Mexico, Korea, Turkey, and Italy. Everyone looks friendly.
The teacher, Ms. Carter, walks in. “Good morning, everyone. Welcome to class.”
She writes her name on the board and begins the lesson. They practice introductions, simple conversations, and vocabulary about daily life.
During the break, Alejandro talks to a student from Japan.
“Hi, I’m Alejandro,” he says.
“I’m Yuki,” the student replies. “Nice to meet you.”
They talk about Vancouver, the weather, and their favorite foods.
After class, Ana says, “I really like this school. The teacher is nice.”
“Yeah,” Alejandro says. “And I made a new friend.”
They walk outside into the warm afternoon sun, feeling happy about their first day.
Quiz
Hier finden Sie ein Online-Quiz, mit dem Sie die in dieser Lektion vorgestellten englischen Vokabeln lernen können.
Quiz
Part 1 - Vocabulary
Schreiben Sie das englische Wort für den Gegenstand auf dem Bild.
Beispiel:
Part 2 - Conditional Sentences
Füllen Sie die Lücke mit der bedingten Form des Verbs in Klammern aus.
Beispiel
Frage: I _____ to the park if it was sunny. (walk)
Antwort: I would walk to the park if it was sunny.
Part 3 - Conditional Form with Questions
Wandeln Sie die folgenden Sätze in Fragen um.
Beispiel
Frage: He would walk to the park if it was sunny.
Antwort: Would he walk to the park if it was sunny?
11) The children would play outside if it wasn't raining.
12) This chair would be nice if it wasn't broken.
13) You would think that that was a nice thing to do.
14) Our math teacher would help us.
15) They would let us know if they needed help.
Part 4 - Conditional Form with Negative Statements
Wandeln Sie die folgenden Fragen in negative Aussagen um. Verwenden Sie keine Verkürzungen.
Beispiel
Frage: He would walk to the park if it was sunny.
Antwort: He would not walk to the park if it was sunny.
16) The children would play outside if it was raining.
17) This chair would be nice if it was bigger.
18) He would think that that was a nice thing to do.
19) Our math teacher would help us.
20) They would let us know if they needed help.
