Lesson 24. The Passive Voice
Overview
In this lesson you'll learn what the passive voice is in English and how to use it.
At the end of the lesson is Chapter 11 - The Almost‑Disaster Presentation, where Ana, Alejandro, and their group present their project to the class, but it does not start well.
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Grammar Focus: The Passive Voice
The passive voice is used to focus on the action or result, not the person who did it. It is usually better to focus on who or what performs the action in English communication, but there are situations where it makes sense to use the passive voice.
So far in this course, the active voice has mostly been used. The active voice focuses on who or what performs the action (the subject does the action):
- Active: The company hired three new engineers last week.
The passive voice focuses on the action itself or the receiver of the action.
- Passive: Three new engineers were hired by the company last week.
When to Use the Passive Voice
The main reasons to use the passive voice are: The passive voice is also useful if
- if the subject of the sentence is unknown, or if you want to avoid blaming a specific person.
My bike was stolen yesterday. (The person who stole the bike is unknown) -
The focus is on the receiver of the action.
Penicillin was discovered in 1928. (In this case, we want the focus to be on penicillin, not Alexander Fleming, who invented it).
Passive Tense Reference Table
| Tense | Active Example | Passive Example |
|---|---|---|
| Present Simple | They design software. | Software is designed by them. |
| Present Continuous | They are designing software. | Software is being designed by them. |
| Past Simple | They designed software. | Software was designed by them. |
| Past Continuous | They were designing software. | Software was being designed by them. |
| Present Perfect | They have designed software. | Software has been designed by them. |
| Future Simple | They will design software. | Software will be designed by them. |
| Modals (can/should/must) | They must design software. | Software must be designed by them. |
Examples in Context
Everyday Situations
| Example | Situation |
|---|---|
| Coffee is grown in Brazil. | general fact |
| The report will be submitted tomorrow. | future arrangement |
| The window was broken by the storm. | past event, natural cause |
| Your application has been processed. | completion with present relevance |
Academic and Formal
| Example |
|---|
| Data was collected from 500 participants. |
| All participants were informed about the study's purpose. |
| Results will be published in next month's journal. |
| The hypothesis cannot be confirmed with current evidence. |
| Samples had been analyzed before conclusions were drawn. |
Chapter 11 - The Almost‑Disaster Presentation
Chapter Vocabulary
| unusually | excepcionalmente |
| presentation | presentación |
| to schedule | programar |
| flicker | parpadear |
| projector | proyector |
| exposed | expuesto |
| steady | estable, firme |
| to settle | instalar |
| to describe | describir |
| thoughtful | reflexivo, pensativo |
| material | material |
| to describe | describir |
| presence | presencia |
| to fail | fallar |
| to form (a line/group) | formar |
| attention | atención |
Story
Listen to the story
The classroom felt unusually still when Ana, Alejandro, Mia, and Kenji walked in with their notes and printed slides. Their presentation was scheduled first, and the quiet before class made every sound feel sharper—the shuffle of papers, the hum of the lights, the soft tapping of students settling into their seats.
Ms. Carter smiled at them. “Whenever you’re ready.”
They connected the laptop to the projector. The screen flickered once, then went dark.
Alejandro pressed a few keys. Nothing changed.
Kenji checked the cable. Still nothing.
Mia whispered, “It worked yesterday.”
Ana felt her heartbeat rise. “Maybe it’s just warming up.”
But then Ms. Carter stepped closer, tested the power button, and shook her head gently.
“I’m afraid the projector isn’t working,” she said. “It looks like it was damaged recently.”
A quiet tension settled over the group. Their entire presentation had been built around images—photographs of the city, sketches, maps, and the question that tied everything together: What makes Vancouver feel alive?
For a moment, no one spoke.
Then Ana took a slow breath. “We can still do this,” she said softly. “We know the material.”
Mia nodded. “If the slides can’t be shown, we can describe them.”
Kenji added, “And we can read the parts that were written on the screen.”
Alejandro looked at the blank wall. “Let’s start.”
They stood at the front of the room, the four of them forming a quiet line. Without the projector, the space felt larger, more exposed. But Ana stepped forward, steady.
“Our presentation is about the question,” she began, “What makes Vancouver feel alive?”
Mia continued. “We had chosen images of the city—the markets, the forests, the ocean. Since they can’t be shown, we’ll describe what we saw.”
Kenji spoke next. “One of the photos was taken at dawn. The mountains were covered in soft light, and the city felt like it was waking slowly.”
Alejandro added, “Another image showed the rain on the seawall. The path was empty, but the water was moving, steady and bright.”
As they spoke, the room grew quiet—not with tension, but with attention. Without the images, their words carried more weight. Their voices painted the scenes instead.
Ana described the languages she heard on the bus.
Mia described the colours of Granville Island.
Kenji described the forests that felt ancient.
Alejandro described the ocean that felt like a constant presence.
By the time they finished, the silence in the room felt full, not empty.
Ms. Patel smiled. “Thank you,” she said. “Your presentation was thoughtful and clear. The projector may have failed, but your teamwork didn’t.”
A soft warmth spread through Ana’s chest. The disaster they had feared had become something else—something quieter, more honest.
As they returned to their seats, Alejandro whispered, “We did it.”
Ana nodded. “Yes. Even without the slides.”
Outside, the afternoon light filtered through the windows, steady and calm. The crisis had passed, and something stronger had taken its place.
Quiz
Change each sentence to use the passive voice.
Example
Question: I opened the door.
Answer: The door was opened.