Lesson 18. This and That
In this lesson you'll learn how to use the demonstrative pronouns in English. These are words such as this and that. You'll also learn how to use infinitives and gerunds.
In the vocabulary section you'll learn some common English words for clothing items.
The lesson starts off with a short story about three friends who are on vacation in Melbourne, Australia.
Short Story
Vacation in Melbourne
| Vacation in Melbourne | Férias em Melbourne |
|---|---|
| Chapter 1: Arrival in Melbourne | Capítulo 1: Chegada a Melbourne |
| After a year of planning and excitement, Julia, Mark, and Alyssa finally boarded their flight from London to Melbourne. As the plane touched down, the thrill of adventure surged through them. They collected their luggage and headed to their Airbnb in the vibrant neighborhood of Fitzroy. | Tras un año de planificación y emoción, Julia, Mark y Alyssa embarcaron por fin en su vuelo de Londres a Melbourne. Cuando el avión aterrizó, la emoción de la aventura se apoderó de ellos. Recogieron su equipaje y se dirigieron a su Airbnb en el vibrante barrio de Fitzroy. |
| Julia: "I can't believe we're finally here! Melbourne looks even more amazing than the pictures." | Julia: "Não acredito que estamos finalmente aqui! Melbourne parece ainda mais incrível do que as fotos." |
| Mark: "Agreed. Let's get settled in and then grab a bite to eat. I'm starving after that long flight." | "De acuerdo. Vamos a instalarnos y luego a comer algo. Me muero de hambre después de ese largo vuelo". |
| Chapter 2: Exploring the City | Capítulo 2: Explorar la ciudad |
| The friends spent their first week exploring the heart of Melbourne. They wandered through the bustling streets, marveled at the street art, and indulged in the city's renowned coffee culture. | Los amigos pasaron su primera semana explorando el corazón de Melbourne. Deambularon por las bulliciosas calles, se maravillaron con el arte callejero y se deleitaron con la famosa cultura del café de la ciudad. |
| Alyssa: "This flat white is to die for. I could get used to this!" | Alyssa: "Este 'flat white' é de morrer. Eu poderia me acostumar com isso!" |
| Julia: "I know, right? And the laneways are incredible. Every corner has something new to discover." | Julia: "I know, right? And the laneways are incredible. Every corner has something new to discover." |
| One afternoon, they took a stroll along the Yarra River, enjoying the picturesque views and lively atmosphere. | Una tarde, dieron un paseo junto al río Yarra, disfrutando de las pintorescas vistas y del animado ambiente. |
| Mark: "I read about this river cruise that takes you past some of the city's landmarks. Should we check it out?" | Mark: "Eu li sobre este cruzeiro no rio que leva você por alguns dos marcos da cidade. Devemos dar uma olhada?" |
| Julia: "Absolutely! It's the perfect way to see more of Melbourne." | Julia: "Absolutamente! É a maneira perfeita de ver mais de Melbourne." |
| Chapter 3: Day Trips and Adventures | Capítulo 3: Excursiones y aventuras |
| In their second week, the trio decided to venture beyond the city. They rented a car and embarked on a road trip along the Great Ocean Road. The scenic drive left them in awe, with stunning coastal vistas and the iconic Twelve Apostles. | Na segunda semana, o trio decidiu se aventurar além da cidade. Eles alugaram um carro e embarcaram em uma viagem pela Great Ocean Road. A viagem panorâmica deixou-os em estado de admiração, com vistas deslumbrantes da costa e dos icónicos 'Twelve Apostles'. |
| Alyssa: "I can't believe how beautiful this place is. It's like something out of a postcard." | Alyssa: "Eu não posso acreditar como este lugar é bonito. É como algo fora de um cartão postal." |
| Mark: "I'm glad we decided to do this. It's a once-in-a-lifetime experience." | Mark: "Estou feliz por termos decidido fazer isto. É uma experiência única na vida." |
| They also visited the Yarra Valley, where they toured vineyards and enjoyed wine tastings. | También visitaron el valle del Yarra, donde recorrieron viñedos y disfrutaron de catas de vino. |
| Julia: "These wines are amazing. I feel so sophisticated right now." | Julia: "Estes vinhos são incríveis. Eu me sinto tão sofisticado agora." |
| Alyssa: "Cheers to us and this incredible trip!" | Alyssa: "Saúde para nós e esta viagem incrível!" |
| Chapter 4: Immersing in Local Culture | Capítulo 4: Inmersión en la cultura local |
| In their third week, the friends delved into Melbourne's rich cultural scene. They visited the National Gallery of Victoria, attended a performance at the Melbourne Theatre Company, and explored the vibrant Queen Victoria Market. | En su tercera semana, los amigos se adentraron en la rica escena cultural de Melbourne. Visitaron la Galería Nacional de Victoria, asistieron a una representación de la Melbourne Theatre Company y exploraron el animado Queen Victoria Market. |
| Mark: "The art here is phenomenal. I could spend hours just wandering through these galleries." | Mark: "A arte aqui é fenomenal. Eu poderia passar horas apenas vagando por essas galerias." |
| Julia: "And the theatre was fantastic. We should definitely catch another show before we leave." | Julia: "E o teatro foi fantástico. Nós definitivamente devemos pegar outro show antes de irmos." |
| One evening, they dined at a renowned local restaurant, savoring the diverse flavors of Melbourne's culinary scene. | Una noche cenaron en un restaurante local de renombre, saboreando los diversos sabores de la escena culinaria de Melbourne. |
| Alyssa: "This food is incredible. Melbourne really knows how to do cuisine." | Alyssa: "Esta comida é incrível. Melbourne realmente sabe cozinhar." |
| Chapter 5: Wrapping Up the Adventure | Capítulo 5: Conclusión de la aventura |
| As their month in Melbourne drew to a close, the friends reflected on their unforgettable journey. They spent their final days revisiting their favorite spots and discovering new ones. | Cuando su mes en Melbourne tocaba a su fin, los amigos reflexionaron sobre su inolvidable viaje. Pasaron los últimos días visitando sus lugares favoritos y descubriendo otros nuevos. |
| Julia: "I can't believe it's almost time to go home. This trip has been everything I hoped for and more." | Julia: "Não acredito que está quase na hora de ir para casa. Esta viagem foi tudo o que eu esperava e mais." |
| Mark: "Same here. We've made so many amazing memories." | Mark: "O mesmo aqui. Nós fizemos tantas memórias incríveis." |
| Alyssa: "We'll have to come back someday. There's still so much to see and do." | Alyssa: "Tendremos que volver algún día. Todavía hay mucho que ver y hacer". |
| With heavy hearts but full of gratitude, the trio bid farewell to Melbourne, already dreaming of their next adventure. | Con el corazón encogido pero llenos de gratitud, el trío se despidió de Melbourne, soñando ya con su próxima aventura. |
| And thus, they embarked on their journey back to London, carrying with them stories and memories that would last a lifetime. | E assim, eles embarcaram em sua jornada de volta a Londres, levando consigo histórias e memórias que durariam uma vida inteira. |
Vocabulário
Clothes
Anúncio
Gramática
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Demonstrative Adjectives are used to talk about specific things and people. There are two demonstrative adjectives in English, this and that. When comparing objects, this is used to describe the object or event nearer in distance or time, and that is used for the object or event further away in distance or time. A demonstrative pronoun comes before the noun it describes.
Demonstrative pronouns are the same as the demonstrative adjectives, except they take the place of a noun in a sentence.
The following table shows the demonstrative adjectives and pronouns.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| near | this | these |
| far | that | those |
Examples
| That idea is great! | Demonstrative adjective |
| That is a great idea! | Demonstrative pronoun |
| This book is better than that book. | Demonstrative adjectives |
| This is better than that. | Demonstrative pronouns |
| Those apples taste good. | demonstrative adjective |
| These apples are better than those. | Demonstrative adjective and demonstrative pronoun |
Infinitives
An infinitive is a form of a verb used in several situations in English.
- as a complement of another verb. Examples: I want to hear. I can go.
- as a noun phrase that expresses an action in an abstract way. Example: To err is human.
- as a modifier of a noun or adjective. Examples: I don't know what to do. This is the way to do it.
The word to often comes before the verb in the infinitive form. When an infinitve follows certain verbs, such as can, will, shall, may, and do, the infinitive only consists of the base of the verb.
Examples
| I want to go. | |
| I will go. | |
| I need to find my jacket. | |
| Don't tell me what to think. | |
| They should do it. | |
| Can you speak English? |
Gerunds
A gerund is a noun that is made from a verb by adding ing to the end of the infinitive form of the verb. If the infinitive of the verb ends in a single e, the e is usually dropped.
| Verb | Noun |
|---|---|
| read | reading |
| talk | talking |
| go | going |
| race | racing |
| be | being |
| see | seeing |
| take | taking |
Examples
| Reading is one way to become smarter. | |
| Talking about it will help. | |
| I think swimming is great exercise. | |
| She says giving is better than receiving. | |
| They helped by bringing drinks for everyone. | |
| Speaking another language is very rewarding. |
Flashcards
Aqui estão alguns flashcards para ajudá-lo a aprender as palavras em inglês para itens de roupas.
Lesson Quiz
Part 1 - Vocabulary
Escreva a palavra correta em inglês para cada item de roupa.
Exemplo:
Part 2 - This and That
Use a forma correta do adjetivo demonstrativo entre parênteses.
Exemplo
Questão: _____ shoes are very muddy. (that)
Responda: Those shoes are very muddy.
Part 3 - Infinitive
Use a forma correta do infinitivo.
Exemplo
Questão: I need _____ to the store. (go)
Responda: I need to go to the store.
Part 4 - Gerund
Preencher o vazio com a forma gerúndio do verbo entre parênteses.
Exemplo
Questão: Only by _____ will you get good results. (try)
Responda: Only by trying will you get good results.
